ARTICLES

Rhino

		Concentric and Eccentric Carved Costal Cartilage COSTAL CARTILAGE GRAFTing in rhinoplasty has gained increasing popularity in recent years. This technique is valuable when a significant degree of structural augmentation and support is needed in the nasal dorsum and tip... continue
		Revision Rhinoplasty Analysis Rhinoplasty anatomy and analysis often go hand in hand. It is important to know anatomic terms so that communication between surgeon and patient can be facilitated. The descriptions of anatomy and analysis have been oversimplified... continue
		Congenital Anomalies of the Nose Congenital midline nasal masses, which include nasal dermoid cysts, nasal encephaloceles, and nasal gliomas (Figures 9–1, 9–2 and 9–5), are rare malformations; one occurs in 20,000–40,000 live births in the United States... continue
		Open Rhinoplasty On the surface, open, or external rhinoplasty differs from endonasal rhinoplasty by just a single incision along the midcolumella. However, both of these operations are based on vastly different core philosophies... continue
		Alar Base Resection and Repair Revision The alar base plays an important role in the overall appearance and proportion of the nose. An overly wide or flared alar base will lead to a “bottom heavy” nose and disrupt the delicate balance of an otherwise properly executed rhinoplasty... continue
		Aligning the bony nasal vault in rhinoplasty The bony nasal vault represents a complex three dimensional structure. With a widely divergent spectrum of nasal bony deformities, use of a single technique will often result in inconsistent results... continue
		Loss of smell The ability to smell is often taken for granted.  Not only are there many life enhancing odors such as the smell of fresh baked goods from a bakery or a rose garden in the spring, but the ability to smell can warn of life... continue
		Costal cartilage in a Porcine Model The project was conducted at a large university animal research laboratory. The costal cartilage of eight thirty-kilogram domestic pigs was harvested.  The cartilage was cut into central and peripheral segments... continue
		How much does a rhinoplasty cost? The cost of cosmetic surgery is dependent on several factors.  First of all, the location of the surgery will have a major impact on cost.  Generally speaking, the same procedure performed in the Midwest will cost less than either the west or east coasts... continue
		How I Do It: Treating the crooked nose with a suture suspension technique Well intended osteotomies of the ascending process of the maxilla are often performed in an attempt to shift the nasal pyramid into a central position; however, this maneuver is doomed to fail if the deviation is secondary to a septal misdirection... continue
		Maximizing Nasal Projection By Release and Advancement of the Medial Crus Achieving maximal nasal projection in the under projected nose is a difficult task.  The medial crura complex is the main projector of the tip.  In the subset of patients with short to medium length medial crura, projecting the nasal tip is limited... continue
		Nuances in Tip Modification: Specific Applications of Cartilage Splitting in Rhinoplasty Division of the lower lateral cartilages in rhinoplasty has long been maligned for producing unnatural results.  However, recognition of medial, intermediate, or lateral crural discrepancies allows for their division and overlay... continue
		Structural approach to endonasal rhinoplasty Without question, the introduction of open rhinoplasty has increased the emphasis on preservation and support of existing structure in rhinoplasty.  The unparalleled view afforded by open rhinoplasty has decreased the learning curve of surgeons in the most difficult of plastic surgery procedures... continue

Aging Face

		The Minilift Mini-lifts have been used for almost a century, with the first description of a mini-lift by Passot in 1919. Originally, these operations involved minimal subcutaneous skin undermining and limited skin excision with subsequently minimal improvement and short-lived results... continue
		Fibrin Tissue Adhesives The dura mater is a structure necessary for protection and sterility of the central nervous system1. It may be disrupted due to a variety of processes including trauma, tumor removal and other surgical procedures... continue
		Eyelid Malposition Inside Out Blepharoplasty 78 of the 171 patients with the ‘inside out blepharoplasty’ had follow up of 3 months.  Preoperative MR2 distance was found to be (.942).   Postoperatively the modified MR2 distance was found to be (.903)... continue
		Zygomaticus Major Muscle Landmark The identification of the course of the zygomaticus major muscle plays an important role in facial plastic surgery. First of all, it serves as an important landmark in deep plane rhytidectomy... continue
		Botulinum Toxin Botulinum toxin A decreases facial lines and wrinkles at sites of skin pleating caused by hyperfunctioning mimetic muscles. BOTOX ® (Allergan, Irvine, CA) is FDA approved for treatment of the glabella... continue
		Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives Hyaluronic acid derivatives are glycosaminoglycan biopolymers similar to the substance found in the intercellular layers of the dermis of the skin and are very biocompatible. They are used primarily for lip augmentation and fine wrinkles... continue
		FDA Approval Everyday our local news broadcasters report to us about the “latest and greatest” medical devices or product that is designed to help us lose weight, reduce wrinkles, or stop smoking. Many of these new advancements prove worthy... continue
		Should your procedure be FDA approved? Are FDA approved products and devices safer and better than unapproved products and procedures?  This article will examine what an FDA approved device or product means, how to find out whether a device... continue
		LASERS In Head & Neck Surgery The word "laser" is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A laser is a device that produces an intense beam by amplifying light... continue
		Pitfalls of Photography for Facial Resurfacing and Rejuvenation Procedures Photography serves an important role in facial resurfacing procedures in that it allows objective comparison of the pre- and post-procedure state.  When properly performed, standardized photography can accurately illustrate these subtle differences... continue
		Rhytidectomy, Browlifts, and Midface lifts Facial aging generally consists of intrinsic and extrinsic processes. Intrinsically, the most extensive changes occur in the dermis, especially in its upper third. The total amount of ground substance,... continue
		Superficial Skin Resurfacing Options for both the cosmetic surgeon offering and patients seeking treatment for cutaneous aging have expanded greatly in recent years and continue to grow. Increasingly sophisticated aesthetic patients are seeking procedures to rejuvenate ... continue

Other

		Effects of Low Frequency Ultrasound on Epidermal and Dermal Structures: A Clinical and Histological study Low frequency ultrasound is used in many arenas of medicine to allow for deeper penetration of topical agents.  However, there have only been limited studies... continue
		Photographic Standards for Facial Plastic Surgery Facial pore size and excessive sebum production are notoriously difficult skin conditions to treat.  Numerous techniques have been described with limited results or significant drawbacks.  A variety of skin resurfacing modalities have been described,... continue
		Use of Intradermal Botulinium Toxin to Reduce Sebum Production and Facial Pore Size Facial pore size and excessive sebum production are notoriously difficult skin conditions to treat.  Numerous techniques have been described with limited results or significant drawbacks.  A variety of skin resurfacing modalities have been described,... continue
		Zitelli Bilobed Flap First described by Esser in 1918, the bilobed flap is a transposition flap used to reconstruct defects of the lower third of the nose.1 It is a random-pattern single-stage flap which lacks a large caliber vessel at its base... continue
		Repair of Small to Medium Size Defects Reconstruction of small and medium-sized defects of the nose poses a challenge to the facial plastic surgeon. Every Mohs repair is inimitable based on the unique characteristics of the defect itself... continue
		Body Piercing Body piercing was once considered the stigmata of deviant youth. However, within the last several years, the popularity of piercing has increased. A 2001 survey of an undergraduate campus revealed that 51% of its students had a body piercing... continue
		Scar Revision With advances in the knowledge of wound healing, as well as the development of better materials and techniques, many options have become available in the treatment of patients with unsightly scars... continue